Josef Franz Karl Lanner (12 April 1801 – 14 April 1843) was an Austrian dance music composer.[1] He was best remembered as one of the earliest Viennese composers to reform the waltz from a simple peasant dance to something that even the highest society could enjoy, either as an accompaniment to the dance, or for the music's own sake. He was just as famous as his friend and musical rival Johann Strauss I, who was better known outside of Austria in their day because of his concert tours abroad, in particular, to France and England. Largely self-taught on the violin, Lanner joined a small string orchestra of Michael Pamer at about the same time as Johann Strauss I did, although he decided to venture into the music business himself and partnered with Karl and Johann Drahanek, forming a quartet that bore his name. The success of this string quartet led to its gradual expansion, and in 1824 Lanner was able to conduct a small string orchestra playing Viennese dance music. Such was the success of his orchestra that it was a regular feature in many Vienna Carnivals, popularly known in the local dialect as the Fasching. It was in 1832 that Lanner allowed his soon-to-be rival Johann Strauss I to deputise in a second, smaller orchestra that was formed that year to meet the busy schedule of the Carnival activities. Already Lanner was fast gaining reputation at the end of the 1825 Carnival season and Strauss I was frustrated at having to deputise when necessary and as a result, his works were not getting the recognition he thought it deserved. In the same year, Strauss I parted company with Lanner after a concert at one of the Viennese dance establishments, 'Zum Schwarzen Bock' or the 'Black Ram'. Although many press reports stated a furious encounter between the two composers including a rumor that Strauss forcibly departed the orchestra with a few of Lanner's talented musicians, these remained largely unsubstantiated as Lanner had earlier dedicated a waltz to Strauss entitled Trennungs-Walzer, op. 19 also known as 'Separation Waltz' which indicated a decent level of goodwill and respect for the craft of the two composers. Further, Lanner and Strauss I worked together often despite having severed their partnership and have even given a benefit concert for their former employer, Michael Pamer who was taken ill in 1826 at the same establishment where they separated and Strauss and Lanner also accepted the award of the Freedom of the City of Vienna in 1836 and jointly took the Citizen's Oath. The music-loving Viennese however were championing both of these two popular dance music composers, and individuals generally identified themselves as 'Lannerianer' or 'Straussianer'. In fact, it was believed that the ruling Habsburg dynasty was anxious to divert its Viennese populace from politics and the revolutionary ideas that were feverishly sweeping Europe, with many cities preparing to overthrow any unpopular monarch. The answer would be to distract the population with music and entertainment, and the musical positions that both Lanner and Strauss held were soon seen to be very important. Lanner himself was appointed to the coveted post of Musik-Direktor of the Redoutensäle in the Imperial Hofburg of which his primary duties were to conduct concerts held in honor of the nobility and to compose new works for the Court orchestra. Strauss' popularity soon overshadowed Lanner in the early 1840s. Strauss was eager to undertake extensive lucrative tours abroad including England, whereas Lanner held on in Vienna unconvinced that the other nationalities were prepared to listen to Viennese music. Lanner succumbed to a typhus infection that racked Vienna in 1843 and died on Good Friday, 14 April in the same year.[1] The famous rivalry with Strauss I had ended and marked a period where the Strauss family was to dominate the Viennese dance music scene for well over a half a century and also introduced another era of interesting and exciting development of the waltz and other popular dance music. Among Lanner's more popular works are the 'Pesther-Walzer' op. 93, 'Hofballtänze Walzer' op. 161, 'Die Werber' Waltz op. 103, 'Die Romantiker' Waltz op. 167 and probably his most well-known work, 'Die Schönbrunner' Walzer, op. 200, probably the most famous of all waltzes before the 'Donauwalzer' by Johann Strauss II in the mid-1860s. Most of Lanner's waltzes were dedicated to members of the nobility as evidenced from the titles which was part of the nature of Lanner's position at that time. His 'Styrian Dances' (Steyrische-Tänze) op. 165 was also played occasionally at the Neujahrskonzert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Lanner had a lesser-known son, August Lanner, who was just as musically gifted and prodigious as his father. His daughter Katharina became a well known international ballet dancer, settling in London where she became an influential choreographer and teacher.