Baul is not just one of the many things unique to Bengal. This wandering music cult has a special place in the history of world music. The word “Baul” has its etymological origin in the Sanskrit words “Vatula” (madcap), or “Vyakula” (restless) and used for someone who is “possessed” or “crazy”.
Originally, the Bauls were nonconformists, who rejected the traditional social norms to form a distinct sect that upheld music as their religion.
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Baul is not just one of the many things unique to Bengal. This wandering music cult has a special place in the history of world music. The word “Baul” has its etymological origin in the Sanskrit words “Vatula” (madcap), or “Vyakula” (restless) and used for someone who is “possessed” or “crazy”.
Originally, the Bauls were nonconformists, who rejected the traditional social norms to form a distinct sect that upheld music as their religion. “Baul” is also the name given to the genre of folk music developed by this creative cult. It’s easy to identify a Baul singer from his uncut, often coiled hair, saffron robe (alkhalla), necklace of beads made of basil (tulsi) stems, and of course the single-stringed guitar (ektara). Music is their only source of sustenance: They live on whatever they are offered by villagers in return, and travel from place to place, as it were, on a vehicle of ecstasy.
Bauls croon from their hearts and pour out their feelings and emotions in their songs. But they never bother to write down their songs. Theirs is essentially an oral tradition, and it is said of Lalan Fakir (1774 -1890), the greatest of all Bauls, that he continued to compose and sing songs for decades without ever stopping to correct them or put them on paper. It was only after his death that people thought of collecting and compiling his rich repertoire.
The theme that Bauls deal with in their lyrics is mostly philosophical in the form of allegories on the state of disconnect between the earthly soul and the spiritual world. Often they philosophize on love and the many-splendoured bonds of the heart, subtly revealing the mystery of life, the laws of nature, the decree of destiny and the ultimate union with the divine.
Bauls live like a community, and their main occupation is the propagation of Baul music. But they are the most non-communal of all communities: They have no religion, for they only believe in the religion of music, brotherhood and peace. Predominantly a Hindu movement, the Baul philosophy weaves together different Islamic and Buddhist strains as well.
