Etude Aux Chemins De Fer - Music

Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer August 14 1910–August 19 1995 Was A French Composer Noted As The Inventor Of Musique Concrète. He Is Generally Acknowledged As Being The First Composer To Make Music Using Magnetic Tape. Schaeffer Was Born In Nancy. His Parents Were Both Engineers And At First It Seemed That Pierre Would Also Take This As A Career. He Studied At The École Polytechnique And After A Stint As A Telecommunications Engineer In Strasbourg From 1934 He Found A Job In 1936 At Radiodiffusion Française RDF In Paris. It Was There That He Began To Experiment With Recorded Sounds Convincing The Radio Station's Management To Let Him Use Their Equipment. He Tried Playing Sounds Backwards Slowing Them Down Speeding Them Up And Juxtaposing Them With Other Sounds All Techniques Which Were Virtually Unknown At That Time. His First Completed Piece As A Result Of These Experiments Was The Étude Aux Chemins De Fer 1948 Which Was Made From Recordings Of Trains. By That Time Schaeffer Had Founded The Jeune France Group Which Had Interests In Theatre And Visual Art As Well As Music. In 1942 He Co-Founded The Studio D'Essai Later Known As The Club D'Essai Which Played A Role In The Activities Of The French Resistance During World War II And Became A Centre Of Musical Activity Afterwards. In 1949 Schaeffer Met Pierre Henry And The Two Founded The Groupe De Recherche De Musique Concrète GRMC Which Received Official Recognition From RTF Radiodiffusion Télévision Française In 1951. They Gave Him A New Studio Which Included A Tape Recorder. This Was A Significant Development For Schaeffer Who Had Previously Had To Work With Turntables To Produce His Music. His Continued Experimentation Led Him To Publish A La Recherche D'une Musique Concrète The Search For A Concrete Music In 1952 Which Was A Summation Of His Working Methods Up To That Point. Schaeffer Left The GRMC In 1953 But Reformed It In 1958 With Luc Ferrari And François-Bernard Mâche As The Groupe De Recherches Musicales GRM . With The Founding Of The Service De Recherche De L'ORTF Office De Radiodiffusion Télévision Française In 1960 Of Which He Was Made Director Schaeffer Began To Wind Down His Compositional Activities In Favour Of Sound Research And Teaching. One Of His Last Pieces Came In 1959 The Etudes Aux Objets. In His New Post He Continued To Conduct His Research Into The Sonic Properties Of Objects Publishing An Important Work On The Subject Traité Des Objets Musicaux In 1966. In It He Attempts To Classify All Sound Producing Objects By Dividing Their Characteristics Into Seven Categories Which He Called Mass Dynamic Harmonic Timbre Melodic Profile Mass Profile Gain And Inflection. Up To Now No English Translation Of This Massive Work Has Appeared. Schaeffer Took A Number Of Teaching Posts Including An Associate Professorship At The Paris Conservatoire From 1968 Where He Taught Electronic Composition. Towards The End Of His Life He Suffered From Alzheimer's Disease. He Died In Aix-En-Provence. read less